Daily Current Affairs – 23-11-2025
Important Days
National Cashew Day – November 23
National Cashew Day is observed every year on November 23 to celebrate the cashew nut, a globally popular food known for its nutritional and economic value. The cashew tree is native to Brazil and was introduced to India and Africa by Portuguese explorers in the 16th century. The day acknowledges the fruit’s global cultivation, use in culinary traditions, and contribution to trade and agriculture. It has been celebrated as a food-themed day since around 2015. There is no specific theme for 2025.
Fibonacci Day – November 23
Fibonacci Day is observed every year on November 23, as the date written in mm/dd format (11/23) represents the first numbers in the Fibonacci Sequence (1, 1, 2, 3). The day commemorates Leonardo Fibonacci, a 13th-century Italian mathematician, who introduced the Hindu-Arabic numeral system and popularised the sequence through his book Liber Abaci (1202). This day celebrates the importance of Fibonacci’s mathematical contribution and how the sequence appears in nature, art, and architecture.
Personalities, Awards and Events
Poet and Sahitya Akademi Awardee Erode Tamilanban Passes Away
Renowned Tamil poet and Sahitya Akademi Award winner Erode Tamilanban passed away at the age of 92. Born as N. Jagadeesan in Chennimalai, Erode district, he was a key member of the Vanambadi poetry movement started in the 1970s, which played a major role in the revival of modern Tamil poetry. He served as a Tamil teacher at New College, Chennai, and was also a newsreader at Doordarshan, known for his clear diction. In 2004, he received the Sahitya Akademi Award for his poetry collection “Vanakkam Valluva”, which was based on Thirukkural. His contributions significantly enriched contemporary Tamil literature.
International News
PM Modi Proposes Global Knowledge and Anti-Drug Initiatives at G-20 Summit
At the G-20 Summit, Prime Minister Narendra Modi proposed several key initiatives, including the establishment of a Global Traditional Knowledge Repository to preserve and share sustainable practices with future generations. He also highlighted the relevance of Integral Humanism, a philosophy propounded by Deen Dayal Upadhyay in 1965, which has been adopted by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) as its core political philosophy. Addressing the global issue of drug trafficking, he warned about the spread of dangerous substances like fentanyl, which threaten public health and global security. In the second session, the Prime Minister proposed a G-20 Open Satellite Data Partnership to share data related to agriculture, fishing, and disaster management, and a G-20 Critical Minerals Circularity Initiative to promote recycling and sustainable mining. He is also scheduled to attend the India–Brazil–South Africa (IBSA) Summit and hold bilateral meetings before returning to Delhi.
Modi Announces Health and Skill Initiatives at G-20 Summit in South Africa
The G-20 Summit was held for the first time in Africa, hosted by South Africa in Johannesburg, and was marked by a U.S. boycott. During the summit, Prime Minister Narendra Modi proposed three major global initiatives — the G-20–Africa Skills Multiplier Initiative to train one million people across Africa, the G-20 Global Health-care Response Team, and the G-20 Initiative on Countering the Drug-Terror Nexus. He also announced the launch of the Australia–Canada–India Technology and Innovation (ACITI) Partnership with Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney to enhance cooperation in artificial intelligence (AI), clean energy, supply chain resilience, and emerging technologies. The leaders also adopted the G-20 Declaration on Climate Change during the summit. U.S. President Donald Trump announced that the United States would host the G-20 Summit in 2026, while South African President Cyril Ramaphosa handed over the G-20 Presidency at the event.
Air India–Air Canada Codeshare Agreement Reactivated
Air India has reactivated its codeshare agreement with Air Canada after a gap of five years, which was suspended earlier due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The codeshare arrangement allows passengers to travel on multiple airlines using a single ticket. Through this renewed agreement, Air India passengers can now fly on Air Canada-operated flights from Vancouver and London Heathrow to six major Canadian cities, while Air Canada passengers can travel via Delhi to Indian cities such as Amritsar, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Visakhapatnam, and Kochi, and also to Delhi and Mumbai via London Heathrow. During the pandemic, Air India, which was then government-owned, had suspended all codeshare arrangements. Currently, Air India maintains 23 codeshare and 96 interline agreements with global airlines, and this partnership with Air Canada remains its only active codeshare with a North American airline.
Sports News
Mahit Sandhu Wins Gold in 50m Rifle 3 Positions at Tokyo Deaflympics
India’s Mahit Sandhu won the women’s 50m rifle 3 positions gold medal at the Summer Deaflympic Games held in Tokyo. She scored a total of 456.0 points after 45 shots, securing her second gold and fourth overall medal of the Games. Mahit also set new records by breaking both the Deaf Qualification World Record and the Deaflympics World Record on her way to the final.
Anahat Singh Wins Indian Open Squash Title
Anahat Singh, ranked 33rd in the world, won the Daly College SRFI Indian Open Squash Championship by defeating Joshna Chinappa in the women’s singles final held on Saturday. The top-seeded Anahat secured victory with scores of 11-8, 11-13, 11-9, 6-11, 11-9 in a match that lasted 55 minutes, claiming her 13th PSA title. The all-Indian final marked another major achievement in Indian squash.
National News
Indian Railways Achieves Record Freight Transport in FY 2024–25
The Indian Railways has set a new record by transporting 100 crore tonnes of freight in the current financial year (2024–25) as of November 19, 2025. According to the Railway Ministry, freight transport reached 93.51 crore tonnes by October 2025, compared to 90.69 crore tonnes during the same period last year. The share of freight transport has also increased from 42% to 44% compared to the previous year. Major commodities transported include coal (50.5 crore tonnes), iron ore (11.5 crore tonnes), cement (9.2 crore tonnes), clinker and other goods (5.9 crore tonnes), food and essential goods (4.7 crore tonnes), fertilizers (4.2 crore tonnes), steel (3.2 crore tonnes), food grains (3 crore tonnes), and containers and pig iron (around 2 crore tonnes). This achievement highlights the continuous improvement of freight infrastructure and efficiency under the Ministry of Railways, contributing significantly to India’s industrial and economic development by reducing logistics costs and improving transportation capacity.
Civil Nuclear and Higher Education Bills Among 10 Legislations in Winter Session
The Government of India has listed ten new legislations for introduction in the Winter Session of Parliament, beginning December 1, 2025. Among them, the Atomic Energy Bill, 2025 aims to amend the Atomic Energy Act to permit private sector participation in India’s civil nuclear sector and revise the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act (CLNDA) to limit supplier liability. The move supports India’s target of developing 100 gigawatts (GW) of nuclear energy by 2047, as highlighted in the Union Budget 2025 presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman. Currently, the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) operates atomic plants contributing 8.7 GWe to the national power grid. The session will also introduce the Higher Education Commission of India Bill, which seeks to establish a new commission to promote excellence in universities through a transparent accreditation and autonomy framework. Other major bills include the National Highways (Amendment) Bill for faster land acquisition, the Corporate Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2025 to modify the Companies Act, 2013 and LLP Act, 2008, and the Securities Markets Code Bill (SMC), which consolidates the SEBI Act, 1992, Depositories Act, 1996, and Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 into a unified legal code.
Redevelopment of Baripada Station under Amrit Bharat Station Scheme
Under the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme, the Baripada railway station in Odisha is being redeveloped to enhance passenger amenities and infrastructure. The scheme aims to make railway stations across India cleaner, more passenger-friendly, and equipped with modern facilities. Each station under this scheme is developed in a phased manner based on its specific needs. A total of 72 stations under the South Eastern Railway zone are included in this redevelopment initiative. The project reflects Indian Railways’ commitment to inclusive and future-ready infrastructure development, ensuring better travel experiences for passengers.